A typical bruise is a contusion caused by traces of blood escaping from small vessels that lie close to the skin’s surface. Since our blood vessels become more fragile with age, the elderly tend to bruise easier than healthy adults and children. Conversely, if a child sustains excessive bruising it may be an indication of a more serious injury and should be treated accordingly.

If the bruise is on the victim’s head and noticeable swelling occurs, he should be checked for head trauma. To reduce the bump and minimize the pain, have the victim elevate the injured area and apply a commercial ice pack or ice cubes wrapped in a towel for 30 to 45 minutes. Depending on the extent of the injury, this process should be repeated for a few days or until the swelling and the pain begin to dissipate.